It does not matter what anyone tells you or what the newspapers might say, the post-2015 exams HAVE become much more difficult. It is not the case that the examiners expect you to know more difficult Chemistry. They are testing almost exactly the same topics in Chemistry, but they are testing them in a totally different manner. What they are doing is testing simple concepts by giving you extremely complicated looking examples that are certainly not in the Syllabus, but what they want is for you to deduce/to work out the simple principles that are contained in the examples that they give you, and then they expect you to apply those principles to come up with the answer that they want. THAT is what the modern ‘A’ Level Chemistry exam is all about!
In principle there is nothing wrong about/nothing unfair with this approach to testing the knowledge that candidates have of Chemistry. What is unfair (in my opinion) is the time that is allocated to do what you are required to do. In the exam you will not have the time to work out things from first principles. You can therefore help yourself greatly by committing to memory as much as you can of every topic in the Syllabus.
There are candidates who do answer the questions that are set today and get high marks in the exams, therefore there is no point in complaining about the way that the exams are run. If some people can do it in the time given, then every candidate of the appropriate calibre with the requisite knowledge is required to do so – so just make sure that YOU are one of the people who can do it. It is up to you to make sure that you can do what they want you to do. If you want to be an “A” grade student, then
- Make sure that you know the work involved in the Syllabus
- Make sure that you know how to apply that knowledge – and the only way that you can do this is to do example after example after example from the textbook that your school uses/and also from Jim Clark (ISBN: 9780582411272).
Last year (2019/20) I spent more time on Second Year Blogs than on First Year ones. This year (2020/21) I may reverse that process for the reason that if you have a good understanding of the basics of Chemistry, then the complicated stuff will be a lot easier than if your foundations are weak/are shaky.
Most recent Blogs
Biological Molecules
Some Chemistry for Biology
DNA (Note 5, Genes, Mendel, Punnett Squares:Inheritance)
DNA (Note 4- Meiosis)
DNA (Note 3, Mitosis, Differentiation, and Meiosis)
DNA (Note 2, Chromatin, Chromatid-Chromosomes, Sister-Chromatids, Homologous Chromatids, and X-shaped Chromosomes)
DNA (Note 1, What is DNA?)
Rates of Reaction and Equilibria
Exhothermic and Endothermic Reactions and Activation Energy
Homeostatic control of Glucose in the blood
Transport across a cell membrane
Metals, An Introduction to the different Reactions of Metals
Reducing vs Non-Reducing Sugars
Accuracy and Error in Titrations
Orders of Magnitude
A short Introduction to Chemistry
The Immune System
A short Introduction to Chemistry
Organic Chemistry, Basic Concepts
Organic Chemistry, Introduction
Acids, A First Year Blog
Intra-Molecular Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Separation of Charge and Dipoles in Molecular Substances
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Solids, Liquids and Gases
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Gases
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Liquids
AS Level calculations involving Solids
Some Preliminary Remarks on Biology (but do remember that I know next to nothing about Biology)
An introduction to Biology, Mine. December 2019
Active Transport, A First and Second Year Blog for the week commencing 8th of March 2020
ATP, A Y1 and Y2 Blog for the 26th of January 2020
Biological Molecules
Cardiovascular System
Detailed differences between Mitosis and Meiosis, Y1 and Y2 Blog for 19th of January 2020
Diffusion and Osmosis in Passive Transport (extended version, 19th July 2020)
DNA (Note 1, What is DNA?)
DNA (Note 2, Chromatin, Chromatid-Chromosomes, Sister-Chromatids, Homologous Chromatids, and X-shaped Chromosomes)
DNA (Note 3, Mitosis, Differentiation, and Meiosis)
DNA (Note 4- Meiosis)
DNA (Note 5, Genes, Mendel, Punnett Squares:Inheritance)
Homeostatic control of Glucose in the blood
Immune System
Meiosis, A Year 1 and Year 2 Blog for the week commencing 19th January 2020
Orders of Magnitude
Mitosis and Genetic Fingerprinting, A Year 1 and Year 2 Blog for the week commencing 12th January 2020
Participants in the development of Molecular Biology, UK 1920-1970
Passive Transport across a Cell Membrane, Diffusion and Osmosis, A First Year Blog for the week commencing the 9th February 2020
Proteins, A moderately comprehensive Blog for First and Second Year ‘A’ Level students
Reducing vs Non-Reducing Sugars
Respiration and Pollution, A Years 1 and 2 blog for the week commencing the 24th of November.
Some Chemistry for Biology
Transport across a cell membrane
Previous Second Year ‘A’ Level Chemistry Blogs
A Second Chance
Acids and Bases, 23rd March 2019a
Acids and Bases, 23rd March 2019b
Alcohols, A Year 2 Blog for the week commencing the 1st of December 2019
Aldehydes, Year 2 blog for the week commencing 22nd of December 2019
Amines, Nitriles, Amides, Acid Anhydrides, Y2 Bog for 2nd February 2020
Azo Dyes, A Second Year Blog for the week commencing 10th November
Benzene, Part 1, 15th December 2018
Benzene, Part 2, 22nd December 2018
Benzene, Part 3, 29th December 2018
Benzene, Part 4, 5th January 2019
Benzene and Friedel-Crafts’ Catalysts, A Year 2 Blog for the 27th of October 2019
Buffer Solutions, A Y2 Blog for the week commencing the 29th of March 2020
Calculation of pH values during a titration (a blog for Second Year ‘A’ Level students who are just about to sit their final exams), 30th March 2019
Carbonyl Compounds, Part 1 (Acids), 12th January 2019
Carbonyl Compounds, Part 2 (Aldehydes), 19th January 2019
Carbonyl compounds, Part 3 (Ketones), 26th January 2019
Carboxylic Acids, Year 2 blog for the week commencing 26th of January 2020
Chromatography, Second Year Blog for 11th May 2019
Delocalisation and Resonance Strcutures, A Year 2 Blog for 20th October 2019
∆H of Lattice Enthalpy, First and Second Year Blog for the week commening 16th February 2020
∆H of Lattice Enthalpy, Changes in Enthalpy, First and Second Year Blog for the week commening 23rd February 2020
Equivalence Points, 23rd of March 2019
Electrophoresis and DNA Fingerprinting, 18th May 2019
Entropy, Second Year Blog, 1st June 2019
Equilibrium Acid Dissociation Constant, Ka (A year 2 Blog, 15th September 2019)
Equilibrium Constants (A Summary), Year 2 Blog for the week beginning 22nd September 2019
Halides and Sulphuric Acid, Second Year Blog, 4th May 2019
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equations, A Year 2 Blog for the week commencing the 5th of April 2020
Inductive and Mesomeric Effects, A Year 2 Blog for the 20th October 2019
Ionic Equations and Half-Equations, 6th October 2019
IR Spectroscopy, 27th April 2019
Ketones, Year 2 blog for the week commencing 29th of December 2019
Kc : Ka : pKa : and Kw, Strong and Weak Acids, Second Year Blog for 18th May 2019
Kw, A Second Year Blog for the week beginning 22nd September 2019
Kw equations to memorise for the exams, Year 2 Blog for 25th May 2019
Kw, The Ionic Product of Water Equilibrium constant, Year 2 Blog, 25th May 2019
Ketones, Year 2 blog for the week commencing 29th of December 2019
Mass Spectroscopy, 20th April 2019
Maths for Chemistry, A Y1 and Y2 Blog
NMR:MRI Spectroscopy, Second Year Blog, 4th May 2019
Nucleosynthesis (Blog in the Summer hols of 2019)
Organic Chemistry, Introduction
Organic Chemistry, Basic Concepts
Partial Separation of Charge in a Molecular substance
Phenol, A Year 2 Blog for the 3rd of November 2019
Potassium Permanganate and Sodium Sulphite, Three reactions, 17th November 2018
Properties of Period 3 Elements and their Oxides, 1st December 2018
A short Introduction to Chemistry
Signposts for alculating pH values in acid-base titrations
Some Maths for Chemistry, A Years 1 and 2 Blog, 29th September 2019
Sulphuric Acid and Halides, 9th March 2019
The Maths in Rates of Reactions, Year 2 Blog for the week beginning 29th September 2019
Transition Metals: Complexes, 24th November 2018
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR), Y1:Y2 Blog for the week commencing 15th March 2020
Previous First Year ‘A’ Level Chemistry Blogs
Metals, An IIntroduction to the different Reactions of Metals
‘4s’ before ‘3d’, Really?, First Year Blog 6th October 2019
Acids, A First Year Blog
Acids and Bases, 23rd of March 2019
Activation Energy:Exhothermic and Endothermic reactions:Catalysts, A Year 1 Blog for the 3rd of November 2019
Aldehydes, A First Year Blog for the week commencing 22nd of December 2019
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Solids, Liquids and Gases
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Gases
AS Level calculations involving Reacting Liquids
AS Level calculations involving Solids
Calculations in Chemistry, Part 1, 23rd of February 2019
Calculations in Chemistry, Part 2, 2nd of March 2019
Calculations in Chemistry, Part 3, 9th of March 2019
Calculations in Chemistry, Part 4, 16th of March 2019
Carboxylic Acids, Year 1 Blog for the week commencing 26th January 2020
Colour Changes, 8th December 2018
Consequences of Bonding and Structure
∆H of Formation, 24th November 2018
∆H of Lattice Enthalpy, First and Second Year Blog for the week commening 16th February 2020
∆H of Lattice Enthalpy, Changes in Enthalpy, First and Second Year Blog for the week commening 23rd February 2020
Distillation and Reflux, A Year 1 Blog for the week commencing 1st December 2019
Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Ethene, 10th November 2018
Exhothermic and Endothermic Reactions and Activation Energy
Accuracy and Error in Titrations
First Year Blog for 2019:20, 7th September 2019
Fractional Distillation and Cracking, 1st December 2019
Hess’ Cycles, A First Year Blog for the week commencing the 16th of February 2020
Hydrogen Bonds
Intra-Molecular Bonds
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Ionic and Molecular substances, (The difference between), 2nd of March 2019
Ionic Equations and Half-Equations, 6th October 2019
Ionic Substances, (Formation of), A Year 1 Blog for the 10th of November 2019
Isomerism, Cis:Trans, 3rd November 2018
Isomerism, Structural, 27th October 2018
Ketones, A First Year Blog for the week commencing 29th of December 2019
Lewis Structures and Formal Charges, A Year 1 Blog
Mass Spectrometry, First Year Blog, 20th April 2019
Maths for Chemistry, A Y1 and Y2 Blog
Melting Points and Boiling Points, Part 1, 2nd February 2019
Melting Points and Boiling Points, Part 2, 9th February 2019
Melting Points and Boiling Points, Part 3, 16th February 2019
Melting Points and Boiling Points, Part 4, 23rd of February 2019
Metallic, Ionic and Molecular Bonds, A Y1 Blog for the week commencing the 9th of February 2020
Orders of Magnitude
Organic Chemistry, Introduction
Organic Chemistry, Basic Concepts
Oxidisation Numbers:Oxidisation States:Roman numerals in brackets in the name of a substance, A Y1 Blog for the week commencing 22nd of March 2020
Partial Separation of Charge in a Molecular substance
Rates of Reaction and Equilibria
Separation of Charge and Dipoles in Molecular Substances
Shells, Sub-shells and Orbitals, A Year 1 Blog for 27th October 2019
A short Introduction to Chemistry
Some Maths for Chemistry, A Years 1 and 2 Blog, 29th September 2019
Tests, 15th December 2018
Titration (the elements of), 9th March 2019
Types of reactions, A First Year Blog, 13th October 2019
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR), Y1:Y2 Blog for the week commencing 15th March 2020
Why do reactins occur?: The Noble or Inert Gas Configuration
Yield, Atom Economy or Atom Efficiency, 8th December 2018